Photographer: J. Griffis Smith

As conquistadores of centuries ago explored new lands for “God, Gold and Glory,” the Church played an integral part in colonization and dominion over vast New World empires. Missions were often first permanent Spanish settlement in new areas. To protect mission endeavors, a presidio (fort) was usually built nearby and manned by Spanish military forces.

Such was Presidio Santa Maria del Loreto de la Bahía, established in 1749 near Mission Espíritu Santo. It grew into one of the more important forts on the Spanish frontier and is the finest example of a complete Spanish presidio in Texas. Its chapel is still in regular use for religious services.

Excavation and restoration of massive stone walls and other structures of fort have been completed by Kathryn O’Connor Foundation.

It was in this presidio that Fannin’s men, during 1836 Texas Revolution, were imprisoned after their surrender, and they were massacred in violation of honorable terms upon which they had laid down their arms.

A museum houses articles discovered during restoration, memorabilia of the Texas Revolution and artifacts indicating nine levels of civilization at the site. Annual re-enactment is held weekend nearest Mar. 27. Open daily 9 a.m.–4:45 p.m. except major holidays. Two miles south off U.S. 183, immediately south of San Antonio River. Admission fee. 361/645-3752. www.presidiolabahia.org.